Butler County has seen a sharp decrease in infant mortality over the past decade. A decrease of 23.8% was seen between the years of 2012 and 2020. Of 3,829 live-born babies in 2021, 32 infants died before their first birthday in Butler County. The overall infant mortality rate for all races was 8.4 deaths per 1,000 live births. Although, Butler County has seen a decrease in infant mortality, the rate of infant mortality is still higher than the state of Ohio and Healthy People 2030. Butler County and the state of Ohio have yet to achieve the Healthy People national goal.

 In 2021, the infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic Black infants was 8.2 per 1,000 live births compared to 9.1 per 1,000 live births among non-Hispanic white infants. This year, there were fewer babies born in the county compared to the previous years, which attributed to the higher infant mortality rate, especially among non-Hispanic white infants.